Cattle farmer settlement in the Hungarian kingdom
(12th-13th century)
As opposed to the 9th-10th century, more housing structures can be linked to the 12th century. There are four houses, ten or so earthen spherical stoves slide 126, 127 with entrance rooms, as well as several trenches. Parallel shallowly dug trenches slide 128, 129, 130 enclose an area the length of 95 m, inside which there is a smaller enclosed space. The explored houses differ from one another. While one slide 123 with technical drawing is of a simple rectangular base with a small earthen stove in the western wall, another slide 124, 125 with technical drawing has a more complex base with two floor levels and a row of pillars along the longer axis that used to support the roof. This house had a smaller stove in the south-eastern corner, on the floor, and a larger one on the outer side of the northern wall. Apart from pottery from this house, made on a swift wheel and of specific shapes photo 186 and table 3/6-9, the pottery from the other structures is customary for this region. These are pots and cauldrons photo 187 made on a slow wheel, of clay with the addition of sand. The cauldrons are undecorated, while the pots are decorated with etchings of horizontal lines. Pots with similar characteristics were found in Srem, where they were dated to the end of the 11th and the 12th century, as well as in Kovin, in layers from the second half of the 12th and the 13th century.
Apart from cooking pots, several other objects from this period were also found. These consist of a steel knife photo 188, a semi-finished disk photo 189, bone awl photo 190, bone plating for knife handle photo 191, and a very rare, almost unique find in these regions — part of a clay lamp photo 192.
The large space enclosed by the said trenches could have been used for the keeping of a certain amount of cattle, which would point towards nomadic population. From the 11th century Pechenegs were present in the area of late Medieval Hungary map 7. Still, housing in semi-dugouts also indicated settled population. Somewhat later, in 1238, Čurug is first mentioned in written historical sources.